0060 | February 25, 2019
White Supremacy: Structural Impediments to African-American Progress
What do structural impediments to African-American progress look like in the United States? Even if cultural bias can be controlled, there is a history of segregation in real estate and education that has shaped contemporary American communities.
| C.T. WEBB: 00:18 | [music] Good afternoon, good morning, or good evening, and welcome to the American Age Podcast. This is C. Travis Webb, editor of the American Age, and I am speaking to Seph and Steven. Gentlemen. |
| S. RODNEY: 00:29 | Hey. This is Seph Rodney. I am an editor at Hyperallergic and a member of the part-time faculty at Parson School of Design, the new school. And I’m coming at you from the Bronx today. I have a workshop later to teach, actually, at the CAA conference. So that’s what’s on my agenda today. I’m looking forward to that 36 or 35 eager people wanting to learn how to manage their professional relationships with editors. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 01:05 | Oh. Fantastic. Okay. I guess I got to go to that [laughter]. Wish I would have known. I’m Steven G. Fullwood, I am the co-founder of the Nomadic Archivists Project. You can check us out online at nomadicarchivists – plural – project dot com and learn a little bit about what we do. And I’m coming to you today from Harlem. It’s sunny outside, but it’s a little cold. But it’s one of the days where it’s beautiful regardless. And so I will be at BAM tonight for the last program of the Marlin Rigs Retrospective, and there will be a number of shorts of people who were inspired by Marlin. And so I’ll be there at 7:00 tonight, hope you guys can make it if it’s not sold out. |
| S. RODNEY: 01:46 | Nice. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 01:47 | Thank you. |
| S. RODNEY: 01:47 | Nice one. |
| C.T. WEBB: 01:48 | I’d love to go but I am in Southern California. I meant to remark that we actually had a legitimately cold couple of days where the low was 34. |
| S. RODNEY: 01:58 | Wow. |
| C.T. WEBB: 01:59 | Now, granted, that was just for a couple of hours at like five o’clock in the morning. But that’s still, for here– |
| S. FULLWOOD: 02:06 | No, no– |
| C.T. WEBB: 02:06 | That is still a cold temperature. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 02:08 | –no, no. |
| S. RODNEY: 02:10 | Snowpocalypse [laughter]. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 02:12 | Oh, no. What did you guys do? |
| C.T. WEBB: 02:12 | Just because only cats and hotel workers have to experience it does not mean that it wasn’t cold for a little bit. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 02:21 | Yeah, lots of people too. |
| C.T. WEBB: 02:24 | So this is true, my dear listeners, that we practice what we like to call intellectual intimacy, which is giving each other the space and time to figure out things out loud. And we’re continuing our conversation on white supremacy. Last time, we had a pretty good conversation about– really limited to Obama’s one, two speeches at Morehouse and Howard University in 2013, 2016 respectively. And today we’re going to transition to another topic we brought up a couple of episodes ago, which is on what impediments there are for black people, African Americans, of means to reach some kind of level of success or security in the United States. Now, we’re not talking about the poor because their issues are compounded, right? So, I mean, not only do they have a racial barrier to overcome, they also have economic barriers to overcome. I would actually like to– I know both of you have some great bits of information. But I had a moment last week where I thought of what I believe to be a concrete example of how white supremacy still survives, and also what makes it so difficult to deal with, and how long it takes to overcome it. And that is the Grammys, the 2019 Grammys. |
| C.T. WEBB: 03:55 | So Childish Gambino won for song of the year, album of the year. The first time in history in 2019, a black hip-hop artist won. 2019, 21st century, right? 21st century. A fifth of the way through the 21st century. First time that a black artist has won. That is an example of white supremacy and an example of its structure, right? You couldn’t have found a more liberalized racial industry in the United States. I’m not saying that it is liberal, I’m saying you couldn’t find a more liberalized one than the entertainment industry in the late 20th, early 21st century. I mean, these are the woke people. These are the people that are working with black producers, black artists. They are championing these people, they’re on their endorsements, they’re engaged in their success, they’re making lots of money off of them. And a number of black artists and black producers have a tremendous amount of power in the entertainment industry. And even still, with all of that, 2019 is the first time a black hip-hop artist wins. That is structural, institutional white supremacy. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 05:27 | Amen. That’s a lot to unpack there. I agree with you, that’s a really interesting moment given the 40-plus years that hip-hop has existed as a genre. The one thing I will say though, I’m always curious because the Grammys are supposed to be voted on by your peers, right? |
| C.T. WEBB: 05:50 | That sounds right to me, yeah. I mean, people in the record industry. Yeah, yeah, yeah. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 05:54 | Right. Because the other day I was just thinking about the– as it relates to the Grammys, who’s getting– we were just going down the list and Alicia Keys has something like 15 Grammys. She’s just an okay artist to me, right? So who’s voting and saying her albums are better than, say, this person who was also nominated in the same category? I agree with you, I think it’s structural. I definitely feel like we’re seeing artists who have some skill sets, other artists who may be a little bit more skilled or a little bit more themselves or a little more whatever and they don’t– people don’t get Grammys all their lives. It’s not even a measure of, in some ways, of your talent. |
| C.T. WEBB: 06:34 | It’s not at all. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 06:35 | It’s positioning. |
| C.T. WEBB: 06:36 | Yeah. Oh, yeah. Absolutely. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 06:38 | And so it’s really profoundly disturbing, actually. Yeah. But there it is. |
| S. RODNEY: 06:46 | But to put some evidence to the question. And I remember struggling to answer the question because I thought, “Well, there are so many.” Right? I thought there are structural impediments to black folks of means. You can talk about segregation, you can talk about employment, you can talk about healthcare, you can probably talk about, within education, you can talk about the ways that black children are likely disproportionally disciplined versus their white peers. But to talk in terms strictly that curtail or constrain someone’s life chances, I think the top three for me are segregation, because segregation has this knock-on effect, right? Because if you’re subjected to racial discrimination in terms of mortgage lending, then you are spending more for the property that you own, so you are losing value there. And if you are shunted to neighborhood or consciously encouraged to buy property in neighborhoods that aren’t as affluent, then you are losing money there, right? Because one of the ways– and we know this about social reproduction, one of the ways that wealth is passed on between generations is through the mechanism of property. So that has a knock-on effect. If landlords are resisting to renting to certain ethnic minorities, that also has a knock-on effect because then you live further out, it’s harder to get to work, you spend more money, more time, more energy. Right. And I found in the article that I sent you all before we started the podcast, that the average white lives in a neighborhood that’s 80% white. So there clearly are correlates. I mean, I don’t think that that makes the argument. That– |
| C.T. WEBB: 09:00 | Do you know what the average– do you know the demographic makeup of what the average African American neighborhood looks like? |
| S. RODNEY: 09:07 | It’s in the same thing I sent you. It’s something like– I don’t remember is the short answer. |
| C.T. WEBB: 09:13 | Okay. I’ll pull it up. |
| S. RODNEY: 09:14 | But clearly, segregation constrains the life chances of black folks of means. Because you can have means– I mean, here’s a great example, and then I’m going to shut up and let y’all get into this. Chris Rock has this wonderful bit in a stand-up routine he did a couple years back. He said, “You know, I’m Chris Rock. I’ve done movies, stand-up. I’ve earned a lot of money. I live in this sub-community which is in Nutley, New Jersey. I’m Chris Rock. You know who my next door neighbor is?” He said it’s a white guy who’s a dentist. A dentist. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 10:04 | I remember this. |
| S. RODNEY: 10:05 | “I’m Chris Rock.” You know what I’m saying? That shit is bat-shit crazy. That you can be Chris Rock, and it’s hard to find a person in the black entertainment network, in the entertainment network that we’re talking about that Travis brought up, that is more well known or has– what is the word I’m looking for? Garners higher fees for his participation in whatever project, right? And his next-door neighbor is a dentist. |
| C.T. WEBB: 10:39 | I feel like I should have gone to dental school is what I take from that story. |
| S. RODNEY: 10:44 | Really. Yeah. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 10:44 | But that’s madness, right? |
| C.T. WEBB: 10:47 | Of course. Yeah. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 10:50 | So, please. |
| C.T. WEBB: 10:51 | Steven? |
| S. FULLWOOD: 10:53 | So I actually focus more on black elites because people of means, I, for somehow, decided that that mean affluent and elite. And so I started thinking about– so I read Margo Jefferson’s book, Negroland. It’s really her take on– it’s sort of a condensed look at the black wealth that she grew up in. Her father was a pediatrician, her mom was well-to-do, and just the sort of habits and regulations and mores that the black elite participated in to maintain itself. And that the danger of falling off was always present either in the rituals that they did in terms of cotillions and other things, or marrying the wrong person, or [inaudible] wrong, or these kinds of things. So I was thinking about– when I asked her almost a over a year ago, why did she write this book, this memoir, in this way, she goes, “Because I wanted to be implicated.” She teaches at Columbia. She’s an amazing woman. And she got me thinking about how– she said recently in an interview that she wanted to sort of show– because there was the white world and there was the black world, and they didn’t fit into either, but they struggled to maintain that space. And that meant concessions. That meant capitulations. That meant not being black-black. That meant being better. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 12:31 | And that even though she has all these wonderful memories of growing up and all these pleasures that kind of came with it, she came up– she said 1966 was the year of black power, essentially, that’s when the Black Panthers were established and a number of things. And that these moments cause her to think differently about not only how she grew up, but also it just casts a much larger– it made her think more about the socially inequities, the economic inequities in a different way because they had been held away from it. Do you know? So I was thinking about that and how the struggles of the black elite to remain the black elite is really interesting in how wealth from folks who might have made their money through entertainment, sports, or somehow, that wealth may be black on its face, but what happens when you marry someone who’s not black? And then their children don’t marry someone who’s black? I was thinking about how that wealth dispersion happens there. So what I was doing, I focused largely on the black elite because the people of means thing, that feels like my family’s story. So I kind of knew that. So apologies to you both around that. But it made me think about how definitely discrimination, definitely work, definitely segregation, definitely all these things that sort of conspire to keep black wealth from happening on mass in a culture that’s really kind of largely resigned to, “That’s just the way it is,” and, “You have to be better than everyone else,” and meritocracy or, “Make sure you do this.” And I think meritocracy is the fevered dream of the oppressed because it might be the only dream that one can have when it comes to living in the US when it comes to economics. |
| C.T. WEBB: 14:38 | Not to go too far down a side road, but meritocracy’s not an illusion, right? |
| S. FULLWOOD: 14:47 | It’s not an illusion. |
| C.T. WEBB: 14:48 | It’s that the amount of merit it takes to lift oneself out of one’s circumstances when you have enough things stacked against you is the anomaly, right? It’s so rare for someone to be that driven, that intelligent, that gifted, to be able to overcome their structural impediments. It makes the meritocracy that in name only– not really in name only, but it makes it not exactly a just system, right? Because people that come from means, of very mediocre– |
| S. FULLWOOD: 15:33 | Are you kidding me? |
| C.T. WEBB: 15:33 | –average achievement are able to just keep it, right? They just get to stay in their pool of averageness and still– |
| S. FULLWOOD: 15:42 | No disrespect to Chris Rock’s dentist, no disrespect to the guy who lives next door. Absolutely. I want to push that aside, and I just want to say that I think that we have enough examples of people who have gotten to where they are because of what they owned, but also Jimmy-rigging the system like the Trumps. You know? |
| S. RODNEY: 16:06 | George Bush, Jr. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 16:08 | Regulations, these sorts of things. So I don’t know if it’s meritocracy sometimes, or if it’s just being able to buy your senator or buy your congressmen or get laws passed or all of that. Or– |
| S. RODNEY: 16:21 | Or– go ahead. I’m sorry. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 16:22 | No, that was it. No, that was it. I was just thinking out loud. |
| S. RODNEY: 16:26 | Or with your family ties, being able to garner or get, procure the kind of attention, the kind of– essentially wield a kind of power, right? I mean, I think of George Bush, Jr. I mean, this man was a failure, right? I mean he, in terms of being an oil businessman, just failure. His big thing was, I think, was owning– he owned the Houston Astros, is that what– how he– |
| C.T. WEBB: 16:57 | Sounds right. |
| S. RODNEY: 16:59 | — finally got his leg up into the business world– a leg up in the business world? Just a room temperature bottle of Aquafina. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 17:12 | I think, no. You can go off-brand, please. Go off brand. |
| S. RODNEY: 17:17 | Right. Right. And yet he became one of the most powerful men on the planet because he had the family connections, because he stood for a kind of social order. I mean, I really do think that many of these men are interchangeable, right? They’re figureheads. George W. Bush sort of stands in for whiteness at the top of the social order. And really, you could have just substituted almost any of the other men in his administration for him and it would have been fine, right? I mean, it would have been fine for his constituency essentially, right? If Dick Cheney was President, that would have been fine. If Tip O’Neill were President– no, Tip O’Neill wasn’t in his administration. But if Dennis Hastert– it wouldn’t have made that much of a difference to people. I do think that it’s important to recognize that for people who are in what you’re calling the elite, Steven, that there are different kinds of concerns. Not falling off being one of the primary ones, right? Not losing that generationally kept wealth. I want to say though that, in terms of structural impediments, it seems to me that you’re suggesting that one of the structural impediments then is that fear. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 18:51 | Oh yeah. Oh yeah, absolutely. |
| C.T. WEBB: 18:55 | Okay. So two things, to push back a little bit, although a very little bit because I basically agree with both of you on the points you’ve raised. Generational wealth is incredibly rare in the United States. I mean, it’s rare amongst white people too. I mean, it is the 1% of the 1% of the 1%. I actually met someone from generational wealth when I was on my honeymoon. His first name was Grey and I forget his last name. Grey, and then probably anyone named Grey is obviously– |
| S. FULLWOOD: 19:30 | I was just going to say that. |
| C.T. WEBB: 19:31 | –is going to be landed gentry. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 19:32 | If you’re listening to this, Grey, we really like you. |
| C.T. WEBB: 19:36 | And his great-great-great-grandfather or something like that was a signatory on the Declaration of Independence. I mean, that kind of generational wealth. That they have friends in the state department and was ushered out of the Four Seasons during the Arab Spring kind of money is what they had. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 19:58 | That kind of money. |
| C.T. WEBB: 19:58 | You’re talking about a very, very small– I mean, that’s essentially royalty. That’s the American version of royalty. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 20:05 | Well, I think you’re doing generational wealth though with a big capital G and a big capital W. I’m just talking about– go ahead. |
| C.T. WEBB: 20:11 | I am. It’s a fair thing to point. So I was starting with that, and I was going to go down sort of the sliding scale. After that, the last thing that I saw in this, which has been several years. This may not be true, and I can’t comment on the methodology of the research other than to say that at least the people that put it out were respectable, generational wealth in the United States tends to last about three generations. Meaning that I’m not talking about that 1% that I was talking about just now, the super tiny sliver, I’m talking about the people sliding down the scale. So the children of the Rockefellers, for example, their money has been significantly diluted. And so it doesn’t mean that, of course, all along that that eroding pile of wealth that these people don’t have advantages, but over time, it goes away. And so aren’t we just talking about the inertia of history, and that – in fact, this goes back to our earlier podcast where Obama makes a comment that things have improved and have gotten better – might not the country look very different in 100 years? And we are, in fact, moving haltingly in a very strong resistance in certain quarters to a more– I don’t want to say a more egalitarian. That’s not what I mean. I mean that race as a factor in getting ahead will become more and more diminished over time and that we are somewhere on that arc. I’m sorry, Seph. Please go on. |
| S. RODNEY: 22:07 | So maybe. And here’s my push-back on that, so if you’re going to make the argument that there’s downward mobility as well as upward mobility, sociologists will absolutely back you up on that and the research clearly does. And I’ve read some of this research myself. But here’s the problem. If that is the case, and it is, I believe, then you’re talking about how essentially every third or fourth generation, someone has to come along in that family and refresh that pile of wealth. Someone has to make it again. Someone has to be a bang-zoom athlete or business person or scientist or whatever, right? There are several ways to accumulate wealth. But here’s the thing. One of the primary obstacles for people of color is getting into that employment stream. I read this and I sent this around to you guys, that Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan found a 50% gap in callback rates for names that sound like they are associated with black community as opposed to white names. And essentially, they found in the study they conducted that white names equal about eight years more of experience in the job field. |
| S. RODNEY: 23:45 | So they concluded that not only does it make it hard for people of color to find employ– or black people we should say, to find employment, but it also makes it hard to improve their employability over time literally based on a name on a resume, right? So if we’re going to talk about– and I’m trying to really keep this close to the question of what are the structural impediments, the answer for me is certainly segregation in terms of building up wealth through property, but then you have the double whammy of if you don’t have that wealth, that getting employed– and you can argue if you’re Bill Gates or– what’s his name at the– Steve Jobs, you have a spark of genius which allows you to sort of circumvent these typical ladders to economic success. Fine. If you happen to be that genius, you leap over that particular quagmire. But if you’re not, like me, like you guys, you have to have jobs at some point. And literally, if you have someone looking at your resume or CV and they say, “Ooh, Laquisha Johnson, mm-mm, mm-mm, mm-mm,” that’s a structural impediment. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 25:18 | I do want to say this very briefly, Travis, and that is there is a film called Searching for Shaniqua that I saw in 2015 at the Harlem International Film Festival, and so that quagmire that you’re speaking of, Seph, is so riddled with people who believe, not just whites, but other blacks, who believe that Laquishas and Shaniquas and these people shouldn’t have the same– their actions speak of– they just push them away. There was a woman in the film who was an HR manager, and she did exactly what you said. She would take a resume, look at it, put it in one pile. Although at the time of her talking or her appearance in the film, she wasn’t doing that anymore, I’m surprised that she even got on camera to say that she did it. This is a black woman. So the social inequities are riddled with intra-racial– we believe that these people over here should have opportunities that these people shouldn’t. |
| C.T. WEBB: 26:21 | So I think clearly black families should just start naming their sons Grey is probably what should– |
| S. FULLWOOD: 26:28 | Or we could burn the whole thing down [laughter]. |
| S. RODNEY: 26:33 | More to the point. |
| C.T. WEBB: 26:34 | Okay. But if you burn the whole thing down, what do you think people are going to rebuild in its place? I mean, you’ve met people, right? |
| S. RODNEY: 26:42 | You know– you’ve met people [laughter]. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 26:45 | You want to go down–? We can go. Cool. All right. [inaudible] for you. |
| C.T. WEBB: 26:47 | No, but I do feel– I mean, I think you figured something important, and I think it is a potent obstacle. And it’s the kind of politics of language, right? I mean, sort of around what types of names and what types of monikers are acceptable to find your way into the elite? And so someone like Howard Johnson that also happens to be African American and went to Harvard has probably satisfied the necessary politics of language to get a seat at the table. But Shaniqua or fill in whatever other stereotypical African American name you want, isn’t going to get that seat. Their resume’s going to end up in the no pile, just immediately. Yeah. Now here’s my question, so do you think the youngest generation that is coming up, people in their 20s, sort of the millennials or whatever they’re calling the next round of millennials. People that are working in Silicon Valley, people that are working for tech, they’re importing labor from other countries for– and there are certainly some consequences to that, do you think that those same biases will register for them, or might they be slightly attenuated? |
| S. FULLWOOD: 28:17 | I think it depends on whether or not they feel those biases help or hurt them. Meaning that depending on where they want to live, who they want to value them, their moral center, all of these things, and I’m not sure if things change because we get new generations of people. In some cases, yes. But I think there is always that push and pull against the idea that there’s not enough, and you need to take care of yourself as opposed to having a strong and rich dedication to service and the community. So I think it kind of depends, really. Every successive generation– is that the word, successive? I don’t know. Any rate, every generation that’s coming behind me, I’m both encouraged and kind of saddened, because they’re going to be dealing with things that we didn’t deal with, economically, politically. But then some things are going to be a straight line through. So the articles that Seph sent us about these inequities are really depressing. They’re very, very depressing. And I like to believe– I think social inequities, they don’t tell us– they contain the economics in a way. And these are really uneasy relationships, because just because we’re outraged by blackface in 2019, it doesn’t mean clean water in Flint, do you know? And I know these kinds of things– |
| C.T. WEBB: 29:53 | No. No. No. I see– I see your point. I see your point. Yeah. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 29:56 | So that’s the problem I have with idea progress. It’s still very a loose term for me, and really trying to think through and educate myself on from the past, but also forecasting and saying what I’d love to see. But here’s what the evidence seems to be pointing to based on our interest demonstrably. |
| S. RODNEY: 30:18 | That’s great. That’s really profound because what you made me think of was that we might– so this is the gross analogy that’s coming to my mind is we might think of progress as we’re building a dam. Okay? So it’s essentially a wall that will keep the water back. And what you’ve essentially said to me is that we are happy imagining that we’ve built this dam, but there are like 10 leaks in it. But for the most part, we’re keeping most of the water back, right? But there’s still 10 leaks in it. And just because we plug one tomorrow doesn’t mean that there’s going to be clean water in Flint by the end of the year, right? And I think that’s really problematic, because we tend to think of progress as just progress. It’s like this one sort of gestalt kind of step forward for humankind. And you’re right in pointing out it is not. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 31:16 | It’s always a push and pull. And so I think symbolism means a lot to people, but boots on the ground, work is, “I’m not doing it. Someone else can take care of the homeless. Someone else can take care of water in Flint. Someone else can do this.” And people may not say that, but their actions say another thing. |
| C.T. WEBB: 31:37 | One thing to close with is just an anecdote, and I’ve meant to go and check it, because the source that I read was straight ahead news source. But apparently Nantucket has one of the dirtiest water tables in the country because of pollution, and the Kennedys have talked about not being about to serve water from their tap. So dirty water is not just a Flint, Michigan, problem. Now I take that as an anecdote that is– I want to confirm that that’s true because it’s one of those maybe-just-so stories. Like it’s a little too ideal. Are really the Kennedys not being able to– I want to look it up, but I did read that recently, so. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 32:19 | Okay, so for next time, where do we go? |
| C.T. WEBB: 32:22 | Yeah, yeah, yeah. Steven, please. Yeah. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 32:25 | No, I don’t have anything. I was just writing something down that you guys said. |
| C.T. WEBB: 32:29 | Seph, do you know what stretch you want to take white supremacy next week? |
| S. RODNEY: 32:33 | Well, I think we ought to talk about the fear, because we talk about the fear of black folks who have means falling off. And I think that the fear is exacerbated when you are black. And I want to talk about what other fears exist for black folks, because I think that’s one of the ways in which white supremacy works. And it makes me afraid of whatever, driving while black, renting while black, you know what I’m saying? Like there’s a way in which– if we’re going to talk about structural impediments, we have to talk about ideological ones too. |
| C.T. WEBB: 33:08 | All right. Okay. That sounds good. All right. So fear. White supremacy fear. All right, my friends. I will speak to you next week. [music] |
| S. RODNEY: 33:15 | Okay. Take care, guys. Bye-bye. |
| C.T. WEBB: 33:15 | Take care. Bye-bye. |
| S. FULLWOOD: 33:17 | Bye. |
References
First referenced at 10:53
“Margo Lillian Jefferson (born October 17, 1947) is an American writer and academic. She is a former theatre critic at The New York Times[1] and a professor at Eugene Lang College of Liberal Arts at The New School.” Wikipedia
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White Supremacy: Obama, Excellence, and Black Aspiration
The hosts discuss Obama’s legacy as a “black” leader, and what it means about the present and future of “white” misanthropy. In particular his 2013 and 2016 speeches at Moorehouse and Howard Universities are closely examined.
[/dica_divi_carouselitem][dica_divi_carouselitem title=”Podcast TAA 0058″ url=”https://www.theamericanage.org/podcasts/white-supremacy/” admin_label=”0058″ button_text=”Read More” button_url=”https://www.theamericanage.org/podcasts/white-supremacy/” button_url_new_window=”1″ image=”https://www.theamericanage.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Episode-0058-White-Supremacy.png” image_alt=”Podcast TAA 0058 – WHITE SUPREMACY” button_margin=”10px|10px|10px|0″ image_padding=”|0||0″ content_padding=”20px|10px|0|10px” _builder_version=”3.19.15″ title_font=”Georgia||||||||” body_font=”Nunito Sans||||||||” background_color=”rgba(0,0,51,0)” custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”14px” button_text_color=”#ffffff” button_bg_color=”#000033″ button_border_radius=”0px” button_font=”Nunito Sans||||||||” button_use_icon=”off” button_text_size_last_edited=”on|phone” button_alignment=”left” hover_enabled=”0″ button_bg_color__hover_enabled=”on” button_border_radius__hover_enabled=”on” button_border_radius__hover=”0px”]
WHITE SUPREMACY
The hosts begin their conversation about “white supremacy.” What does the supremacy of whites mean? Who is “white”? Are institutions or individuals primarily to blame for its perpetuation? And is it, in fact, perpetuating? Join us as we work through these and other questions.[/dica_divi_carouselitem][dica_divi_carouselitem title=”Podcast TAA 0057″ url=”https://www.theamericanage.org/podcasts/pornography-part-vi-race/” admin_label=”0057″ button_text=”Read More” button_url=”https://www.theamericanage.org/podcasts/pornography-part-vi-race/” button_url_new_window=”1″ image=”https://www.theamericanage.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Podcast-0057_-_White_Woman.jpg” image_alt=”Podcast TAA 0058 – PORNOGRAPHY, PART VI: Race” button_margin=”10px|10px|10px|0″ image_padding=”|0||0″ content_padding=”20px|10px|0|10px” _builder_version=”3.19.15″ title_font=”Georgia||||||||” body_font=”Nunito Sans||||||||” background_color=”rgba(0,0,51,0)” custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”14px” button_text_color=”#ffffff” button_bg_color=”#000033″ button_border_radius=”0px” button_font=”Nunito Sans||||||||” button_use_icon=”off” button_text_size_last_edited=”on|phone” button_alignment=”left” hover_enabled=”0″ button_bg_color__hover_enabled=”on” button_border_radius__hover_enabled=”on” button_border_radius__hover=”0px”]
PORNOGRAPHY, PART VI
The hosts conclude their conversation with a discussion of the role of race in the sexual imagination. Why is the white, blonde female body so often the location of heterosexual desire in American culture? Why is the male black body so often fetishized?[/dica_divi_carouselitem][dica_divi_carouselitem title=”Podcast TAA 0056″ url=”https://www.theamericanage.org/podcasts/pornography-part-v/” admin_label=”0056″ button_text=”Read More” button_url=”https://www.theamericanage.org/podcasts/pornography-part-v/” button_url_new_window=”1″ image=”https://www.theamericanage.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Episode-0056-Pornography-Part-V-Desire-and-Despair.jpg” image_alt=”Podcast TAA 0057 – PORNOGRAPHY, PART V: DESIRE AND DESPAIR” button_margin=”10px|10px|10px|0″ image_padding=”|0||0″ content_padding=”20px|10px|0|10px” _builder_version=”3.19.15″ title_font=”Georgia||||||||” body_font=”Nunito Sans||||||||” background_color=”rgba(0,0,51,0)” custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”14px” button_text_color=”#ffffff” button_bg_color=”#000033″ button_border_radius=”0px” button_font=”Nunito Sans||||||||” button_use_icon=”off” button_text_size_last_edited=”on|phone” button_alignment=”left” hover_enabled=”0″ button_bg_color__hover_enabled=”on” button_border_radius__hover_enabled=”on” button_border_radius__hover=”0px”]
PORNOGRAPHY, PART V
The hosts continue their conversation about pornography. This week they explore the emotional cost of pornography. Who shapes our desires? And what happens when we are regularly reminded of what we don’t have?[/dica_divi_carouselitem][dica_divi_carouselitem title=”Podcast TAA 0055″ url=”https://www.theamericanage.org/podcasts/pornography-part-iv/” admin_label=”0055″ button_text=”Read More” button_url=”https://www.theamericanage.org/podcasts/pornography-part-iv/” button_url_new_window=”1″ image=”https://www.theamericanage.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Episode-0055-Pornography-The-Conversation-Part-IV-Why-Do-We-Need-or-Want-Pornography.png” image_alt=”Podcast TAA 0055 – PORNOGRAPHY, THE CONVERSATION, PART IV: WHY DO WE NEED OR WANT PORNOGRAPHY?” button_margin=”10px|10px|10px|0″ image_padding=”|0||0″ content_padding=”20px|10px|0|10px” _builder_version=”3.19.15″ title_font=”Georgia||||||||” body_font=”Nunito Sans||||||||” background_color=”rgba(0,0,51,0)” custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”14px” button_text_color=”#ffffff” button_bg_color=”#000033″ button_border_radius=”0px” button_font=”Nunito Sans||||||||” button_use_icon=”off” button_text_size_last_edited=”on|phone” button_alignment=”left” hover_enabled=”0″ button_bg_color__hover_enabled=”on” button_border_radius__hover_enabled=”on” button_border_radius__hover=”0px”]
PORNOGRAPHY, PART IV
The hosts continue their discussion of pornography. Exploring their own consumption, the varieties and limitations of desire and its representations (sexual and otherwise), they move closer to some understanding of pornography’s persistence across time.
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